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Vision with Presbyopia
Normal Vision Vision with Diplopia
Normal Vision Vision with Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a serious, chronic, progressive disorder of the optic nerve and the nerve fibers of the eye, which leads to morphological damage to the optic nerve and the visual field.
It is an insidious disease, because it has no symptoms (with the exception of some types, like acute glaucoma) and when the first symptoms appear, the damage has advanced and is unfortunately irreversible.
No one should rest easy regarding glaucoma and its consequences. It is very important for all, from children to adults, to examine our eyes thoroughly, because the only way to treat loss of vision and blindness due to glaucoma is to diagnose and treat it early. There are, however, certain conditions linked to the disease, which tend to put the people who have them in higher risk.
Increased intraocular pressure (>21mmHg)) does not necessarily mean glaucoma, just as low intraocular pressure (<21mmHg) does not exclude glaucoma (normal tension glaucoma).
Learn more about Glaucoma.
Normal Vision Vision with Daltonism
Daltonism or Color Blindness is the visual disorder in which the patient cannot distinguish certain colors like green and red.
Daltonism is rarely caused by injuries and in these cases it can be treated. In most cases it is inherited and therefore untreatable.
It is not a severe disorder, but it prevents the patient from exercising certain professions, like wherever red and green signals are used (railway driver, sailor, driver etc.) Quite often the person doesn't even know he suffers from daltonism. Diagnosis is done with reams of colored strands or colored tables. Besides the red and green daltonism there is also the cyan eye disorder (acyanopsia).
Depending on the severity degree, there are various abnormalities:
Chromatic abnormalities, protanomaly (red color), deuteranomaly (green color), tritanomaly (cyan)
Dichromacy
Color Blindness, that is total blindness for all colors.
The word daltonism came from Dalton, the English physicist and chemist. He described the disorder, from which he also suffered.
Learn more about Daltonism and Color Blindness.
Normal Vision Vision with Retinal Detachment
Retinal detachment εis a disorder of the eye, in which the retina is detached from the underlying layer of tissue called choroid. Initially this detachment may be local, but without immediate treatment, the entire retina can be detached and lead to loss of vision and blindness. It is considered an emergency medical situation.
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: it is caused by a tear in the retina, which allows fluid to pass under it and detach it from the choroid.
Exudative retinal detachment: it is caused by inflammation or vascular diseases that allow for fluid accumulation without a tear.
Tractional retinal detachment: Due to inflammation or neovascularization (e.g. diabetis), fibrous tissue can create traction on the retina.
Retinal detachment usually follows after a posterior vitreous detachment that created traction on the retina and presents symptoms such as photopsias (flashes), i.e. sparks at the temporal segment of the visual field, and floaters (black spots), i.e. moving haze of the vitreous, which might also have the form of a spider's web or a ring.
Even though most choroid detachments don't lead to retinal detachments, those that do cause the following symptoms: a shadow or curtain in the peripheral visual field that moves slowly towards the center, straight lines that start to seem crooked and central loss of vision.
Learn more about retinal detachment.
Normal Vision Vision with macular degeneration
Age-related Macular Degeneration is a chronic eye disorder and one of the most common causes of severe loss of vision for people over 60 years of age. It is also one of the most common causes of blindness for adults in the world.
What is Age-related Macular Degeneration?
Age-related Macular Degenerationis a disorder that can affect precise central vision that is necessary for activities such as reading, driving, telling the time and face recognition.
Some times, Age-related Macular Degeneration εdevelops so slowly that small changes in vision can be perceived. Other times, it develops rapidly which results in fast loss of vision. Age-related Macular Degeneration does not cause pain, but deprives you of the ability to see in front of you.
Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration: In dry Age-related Macular Degeneration, which accounts for 85% of total cases of Age-related Macular Degeneration, the photoreceptors of the retina are damaged, affecting central vision. The most common symptom of dry Age-related Macular Degeneration is slightly blurry vision. Its dry form tends to develop slowly, but it can turn to a more serious form of Age-related Macular Degeneration, called wet Age-related Macular Degeneration.
Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration: In wet Age-related Macular Degeneration, which accounts for about 15% of the cases of Age-related Macular Degeneration, but it is the main cause for loss of vision, some abnormal vessels develop behind the retina, under the macula. This can lead to hemorrhage, scarring and permanent damage. The damage develops faster than the dry form and tends to lead to more severe loss of central vision. If it is detected early and with proper treatment, the damage can be partially restored.
The two most important risk factors for developing Age-related Macular Degeneration are:
Age: About 25% of people over 65 have Age-related Macular Degeneration.
Those who already have Age-related Macular Degenerationstrong> in one eye. From those, about 40% will develop Age-related Macular Degenerationstrong> in the other eye within 5 years.
Other risk factors for developingAge-related Macular Degeneration are:
Smoking
Race – Caucasians seem to be at greater risk
Family history of the disease
Poor diet lacking certain vitamins and minerals
Gender – Women seem to be at higher risk than men
Decreased, blurry or less accurate (decreased Visual Acuity) central vision – Void or blind spot in central vision (Central Scotoma)
Seeing waves and curves on objects (metamorphopsia)
Colors seem washed out or blurred (Contrast Sensitivity Loss)
Because, as we have already mentioned, the macula is the central part of the retina, its degeneration does not affect peripheral vision that usually remains intact, which results in the patient retaining some sense of orientation in space even in advanced stages. You should be ready for the symptoms of Age-related Macular Degeneration. If you notice any changes in your vision, contact your ophthalmologist as soon as possible.
Learn more about age-related macular degeneration.
Normal Vision Vision with Cataract
Cataract is a phenomenon that is part of the aging of the eye and one of the most frequent causes for blurry vision after a certain age. Everyone, after a certain age, can present a haziness of the lens. There is no other treatment for cataract except for surgery, when there is an indication for it. The surgery to remove cataract is very frequent and tends to be routine for Ophthalmologist Surgeons.
Cataract is the haze of the natural lens of the eye. The natural lens is found behind the iris, it is the same size as a lentil and it is naturally clear.
It cannot be prevented nor treated with medication.
It is a very usual disorder and it appears with age.
Sometimes it can be caused by an injury, certain disorders (e.g. diabetes, eye inflammations etc.) or medication such as chronic use of cortisone.
In very few cases a child can be born with cataract (congenital cataract).
Haziness with gradual decrease in close or distant vision.
Vision becomes less and less clear.
Flashes and reflections around certain objects.
Fainted color perception.
Intense irritation by the sun.
Driving, especially at night or in intense brightness.
Reading or watching television (in some cases, in the initial stages of some types of cataract, reading can be achieved without glasses = “second vision”)
Sewing or other tasks that need detailed observation of objects.
Surgery can be decided when the cataract starts being such a problem to the quality of vision that the person has trouble in his everyday activities (safe driving, reading, television). Based on your symptoms, you and your ophthalmologist will decide together on when to do the surgery. It is not true any more that cataract must be “mature” to be removed. With new surgical techniques (phacoemulsification) this perception belongs in the past. On the contrary, removing an overly mature hard cataract makes the procedure more difficult and can present complications.
Learn more about cataract and vision restoration with cataract surgery.
Normal Vision Vision with Astigmatism
When the cornea is not round but elliptical, light focuses on many points on the retina, which results in blurry close and distant vision. Astigmatism can coexist both with myopia and hyperopia.
Learn more about astigmatism and vision restoration with astigmatism laser.
Normal Vision Vision with Hyperopia
In this condition, it is close vision that is mainly affected, but distant vision can as well, because the axial length of the eye is small in relation to the curvature and the refractive strength of the cornea. The light rays focus behind the retina which results in an effort by the hyperopic person to continually adjust his vision, which, after some time, is no longer feasible.
Learn more about hyperopia and vision restoration with hyperopia laser.
Ophthalmological Research Center
64, Vass. Sofias Av.6th floor
Phone number: 210 7295000
Fax: 210 3622245
info@eyeclinic.com.gr